android sdk开发封装
Android SDK是一套专门为Android系统开发的软件开发工具包。它提供了丰富的API和开发工具,可以帮助开发者轻松地构建Android应用程序。在Android开发中,我们可以使用Android SDK进行应用程序的开发、测试和部署。本文将详细介绍Android SDK的开发封装原理和方法。
一、Android SDK的基本组成部分
Android SDK包含以下组成部分:
1. Android开发工具(Android Studio、Eclipse等)
2. Android SDK工具(adb、dexdump、emulator等)
3. Android SDK平台工具(Android Debug Bridge、Traceview等)
4. Android SDK平台(Android API)
二、Android SDK的开发封装原理
在Android应用程序开发中,我们通常需要使用到Android SDK提供的各种API和工具。但是,直接使用Android SDK进行开发可能会存在以下问题:
1. Android SDK的使用门槛较高,需要掌握Java编程语言和Android开发相关知识。
2. Android SDK提供的API和工具较为繁琐,需要开发者自行封装和优化。
为了解决以上问题,开发者可以将Android SDK进行封装,提供更加简单易用的API和工具,从而降低开发门槛,提高开发效率。
三、Android SDK的开发封装方法
1. 封装API
开发者可以将Android SDK提供的API进行封装,提供更加简单易用的API接口。例如,Android SDK提供的网络请求API是基于HttpURLConnection实现的,使用起来较为繁琐,开发者可以将其进行封装,提供更加简单易用的API接口。
2. 封装工具类
开发者可以将Android SDK提供的工具类进行封装,提供更加简单易用的工具类。例如,Android SDK提供的图片加载工具类是基于BitmapFactory和HttpURLConnection实现的,使用起来较为繁琐,开发者可以将其进行封装,提供更加简单易用的图片加载工具类。
3. 封装UI控件
开发者可以将Android SDK提供的UI控件进行封装,提供更加简单易用的UI控件。例如,Android SDK提供的ListView控件使用起来较为繁琐,开发者可以将其进行封装,提供更加简单易用的ListView控件。
四、Android SDK的开发封装实例
以下是一个简单的Android SDK开发封装实例:
1. 封装网络请求API
```
public class HttpUtils {
public static void sendHttpRequest(String address, HttpCallbackListener listener) {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(address);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
response.append(line);
}
if (listener != null) {
// 回调onFinish()方法
listener.onFinish(response.toString());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (listener != null) {
// 回调onError()方法
listener.onError(e);
}
} finally {
if (connection != null) {
connection.disconnect();
}
}
}
}
```
2. 封装图片加载工具类
```
public class ImageLoader {
private static final String TAG = "ImageLoader";
private LruCache
private DiskLruCache mDiskLruCache;
private static final int DISK_CACHE_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 50; // 50MB
private static final int IO_BUFFER_SIZE = 8 * 1024; // 8KB
private static final int DISK_CACHE_INDEX = 0;
public ImageLoader(Context context) {
// 初始化内存缓存
int maxMemory = (int) (Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 1024);
int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8;
mMemoryCache = new LruCache
@Override
protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) {
return bitmap.getByteCount() / 1024;
}
};
// 初始化磁盘缓存
File diskCacheDir = getDiskCacheDir(context, "bitmap");
if (!diskCacheDir.exists()) {
diskCacheDir.mkdirs();
}
if (getUsableSpace(diskCacheDir) > DISK_CACHE_SIZE) {
try {
mDiskLruCache = DiskLruCache.open(diskCacheDir, 1, 1, DISK_CACHE_SIZE);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void displayImage(String imageUrl, ImageView imageView) {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
// 从内存缓存中获取图片
bitmap = mMemoryCache.get(imageUrl);
if (bitmap != null) {
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
return;
}
// 从磁盘缓存中获取图片
String key = hashKeyForDisk(imageUrl);
try {
DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapshot = mDiskLruCache.get(key);
if (snapshot != null) {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = (FileInputStream) snapshot.getInputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX);
FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = fileInputStream.getFD();
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor);
if (bitmap != null) {
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
// 添加到内存缓存中
mMemoryCache.put(imageUrl, bitmap);
return;
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 从网络下载图片
downloadImage(imageUrl, imageView);
}
private void downloadImage(String imageUrl, ImageView imageView) {
// 发送网络请求
HttpUtils.sendHttpRequest(imageUrl, new HttpCallbackListener() {
@Override
public void onFinish(String response) {
// 解析图片数据
Bitmap bitmap = decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(response, imageView.getWidth(), imageView.getHeight());
// 显示图片
if (bitmap != null) {
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
// 添加到内存缓存中
mMemoryCache.put(imageUrl, bitmap);
// 添加到磁盘缓存中
try {
String key = hashKeyForDisk(imageUrl);
DiskLruCache.Editor editor = mDiskLruCache.edit(key);
if (editor != null) {
OutputStream outputStream = editor.newOutputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX);
bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, outputStream);
editor.commit();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@Override
public void onError(Exception e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Error loading image", e);
}
});
}
private Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(String response, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
// 解析图片数据
Bitmap bitmap = null;
try {
byte[] bytes = response.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 缩放图片
if (bitmap != null) {
bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(bitmap, reqWidth, reqHeight, true);
}
return bitmap;
}
private String hashKeyForDisk(String key) {
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
md.update(key.getBytes());
return bytesToHexString(md.digest());
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return String.valueOf(key.hashCode());
}
private String bytesToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xFF & bytes[i]);
if (hex.length() == 1) {
sb.append('0');
}
sb.append(hex);
}
return sb.toString();
}
private File getDiskCacheDir(Context context, String uniqueName) {
boolean externalStorageAvailable = Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED);
final String cachePath = externalStorageAvailable ? context.getExternalCacheDir().getPath() : context.getCacheDir().getPath();
return new File(cachePath + File.separator + uniqueName);
}
private long getUsableSpace(File path) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) {
return path.getUsableSpace();
}
final StatFs stats = new StatFs(path.getPath());
return (long) stats.getBlockSize() * (long) stats.getAvailableBlocks();
}
}
```
3. 封装ListView控件
```
public class MyListView extends ListView {
private int mMaxVisibleItems = 5;
private int mItemHeight = 100;
private ListAdapter mAdapter;
private int mFirstVisibleItem;
private int mLastVisibleItem;
public MyListView(Context context) {
super(context);
init();
}
public MyListView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
init();
}
public MyListView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
init();
}
private void init() {
setOnScrollListener(new OnScrollListener() {
@Override
public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) {
if (scrollState == SCROLL_STATE_IDLE) {
// 加载可见项数据
loadVisibleItems();
}
}
@Override
public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount) {
mFirstVisibleItem = firstVisibleItem;
mLastVisibleItem = firstVisibleItem + visibleItemCount - 1;
}
});
}
public void setMaxVisibleItems(int maxVisibleItems) {
mMaxVisibleItems = maxVisibleItems;
requestLayout();
}
public void setItemHeight(int itemHeight) {
mItemHeight = itemHeight;
requestLayout();
}
public void setAdapter(ListAdapter adapter) {
mAdapter = adapter;
super.setAdapter(adapter);
requestLayout();
}
private void loadVisibleItems() {
for (int i = mFirstVisibleItem; i <= mLastVisibleItem; i++) {
View view = getChildAt(i - mFirstVisibleItem);
if (view != null) {
int position = getPositionForView(view);
if (position >= 0 && position < mAdapter.getCount()) {
mAdapter.getView(position, view, this);
}
}
}
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
int height;
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
height = heightSize;
} else {
height = mMaxVisibleItems * mItemHeight;
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
height = Math.min(height, heightSize);
}
}
int width = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
}
}
```
以上就是Android SDK的开发封装原理和方法,以及一个简单的开发封装实例。开发者可以根据实际需求进行封装,提高开发效率,降低开发门槛。